Hysteroscopy refers to visualization of the cavity of the womb using a hysteroscope (a telescope with light). The cavity is usually filled with either gas or fluid first eg water, normal saline etc to facilitate proper viewing. A diagnostic hysteroscopy can be performed under local anesthesia if needed to.

Common reasons that hysteroscopy is necessary include investigations for abnormal menses, infertility, repeated miscarriages etc.

Hysteroscopic surgery can be used to remove polyps or fibroids that grow into the cavity of the womb (submucous fibroids), reduce heavy menses, remove foreign bodies, adhesions etc. These operations may be performed under general or regional anesthesia, and commonly as day surgery procedures.

Hysteroscopic surgery is the least invasive gynaecological surgery. As the entire procedure is performed via the vagina, there is no abdominal wound. Recovery is very fast and pain is minimal. It should be the first option of treatment if the disease and conditions are appropriate.